perf: Push down join key filters for LEFT/RIGHT/ANTI joins

[nuno-faria]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Push down join key filters for LEFT/RIGHT/ANTI joins #19917.

Rationale for this change

Reduce the number of rows retrieved by pushing down more filters when possible. Example:

create table t1 (k int, v int);
create table t2 (k int, v int);

-- k=1 is pushed to t1 and t2
explain select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.k = t2.k where t1.k = 1;
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| plan_type     | plan                                                       |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| physical_plan | ┌───────────────────────────┐                              |
|               | │        HashJoinExec       │                              |
|               | │    --------------------   │                              |
|               | │      join_type: Left      ├──────────────┐               |
|               | │        on: (k = k)        │              │               |
|               | └─────────────┬─────────────┘              │               |
|               | ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐┌─────────────┴─────────────┐ |
|               | │      RepartitionExec      ││      RepartitionExec      │ |
|               | │    --------------------   ││    --------------------   │ |
|               | │ partition_count(in->out): ││ partition_count(in->out): │ |
|               | │          1 -> 12          ││          1 -> 12          │ |
|               | │                           ││                           │ |
|               | │    partitioning_scheme:   ││    partitioning_scheme:   │ |
|               | │      Hash([k@0], 12)      ││      Hash([k@0], 12)      │ |
|               | └─────────────┬─────────────┘└─────────────┬─────────────┘ |
|               | ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐┌─────────────┴─────────────┐ |
|               | │         FilterExec        ││         FilterExec        │ |
|               | │    --------------------   ││    --------------------   │ |
|               | │      predicate: k = 1     ││      predicate: k = 1     │ |
|               | └─────────────┬─────────────┘└─────────────┬─────────────┘ |
|               | ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐┌─────────────┴─────────────┐ |
|               | │       DataSourceExec      ││       DataSourceExec      │ |
|               | │    --------------------   ││    --------------------   │ |
|               | │          bytes: 0         ││          bytes: 0         │ |
|               | │       format: memory      ││       format: memory      │ |
|               | │          rows: 0          ││          rows: 0          │ |
|               | └───────────────────────────┘└───────────────────────────┘ |
|               |                                                            |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+

What changes are included in this PR?

• Changed push_down_all_join to push down inferred predicates independently of left_preserved/right_preserved semantics.
• Added unit tests.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

[nuno-faria]

My reasoning for this is that if this is an inferred predicated (i.e., inferred from the join) and can be pushed to the left/right relation, it should be pushed, independently of the type.